laryngologist Bogdanets SA :: Uncategorized super great :: Clinical anatomy of the ear
Pinna is formed by three fabrics: a thin plate of hyaline cartilage, covered on both sides of the perichondrium, with a complex convex-concave shape, which determines the relief ear, the skin is very thin, closely adjacent to the perichondrium and almost super great has no fat, subcutaneous fat, located in considerable super great quantities in the lower part of the pinna.
Usually there are the following elements of the ear: curl - free of upper-outer edge of the sink; anthelion - elevation that runs parallel to curl; tragus - the projected portion of the cartilage, located in front of the ear canal and is a part of it; antitragus - protrusion located posterior to the tragus and separating their clippings, earlobe, or slice, ear, devoid of cartilage and composed super great of fatty tissue covered with skin. Pinna is attached to the temporal bone rudimentary muscles. The anatomical structure of the ear determines the characteristics of pathological processes developed with injuries, and with the formation of otogematomy perihondrita. Sometimes there is a congenital hypoplasia of the pinna - microtia or complete lack thereof anotia.
The external auditory canal is a channel that begins funnel-shaped depression on the surface of the ear and sent to an adult horizontally from front to back and from the bottom up to the border of the middle ear. There are the following sections of the ear canal: the outer membranous and cartilaginous and internal - bone. The outer membranous-cartilaginous part is 2/3 the length. This section is formed cartilaginous tissue and the lower front wall and the rear and upper have fibro-connective tissue. The front wall of the external auditory canal bordered by the joint of the lower jaw, and therefore the inflammatory process in this area accompanied by a sharp soreness during chewing. The upper wall separates the outer ear from the middle fossa, and fractures of the skull base of the ear follows liquor mixed with blood. Cartilage plate ear canal is interrupted by two transverse slots which are closed by fibrous tissue. Their location super great next to the salivary glands may contribute to the spread of infection from the outer ear to the salivary gland and the mandibular joint. super great Leather cartilaginous contains a large number of hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and brimstone. The latter are modified sebaceous glands super great secreting a special secret that with a detachable ottorgshimsya sebaceous glands and skin epithelium forms the earwax. The dry plates removal of sulfur contribute to fluctuations in membranous-cartilaginous part of the ear canal during chewing. The presence of abundant of grease in the outer part of the ear canal prevents the ingress of water into it. There is a trend of narrowing of the ear canal entrance to the end of the cartilage. Attempts to remove the sulfur by foreign objects may lead to the pushing pieces of sulfur in the bone department, where her self-evacuation is not possible. It creates the conditions for the formation of cerumen and the development of inflammatory processes of the outer ear. The internal auditory meatus bone has in the middle of the narrowest part - the isthmus, super great beyond which is a wider area. Clumsy super great attempts to remove the foreign body from the ear canal can lead to pushing through his isthmus, which greatly complicate further removal. Skin thin bone Division, contains hair follicles and glands, and goes to the eardrum, forming its outer layer.
The tympanic membrane is the boundary between the outer and middle ear and is a thin, impermeable to air and liquid membrane pearl-gray color. Most of the tympanic membrane is tensioned by logging in a circular trough fibrous cartilage ring. In the upper-front super great portion of the tympanic membrane super great is not stretched because of the lack of gutters and secondary fibrous layer. The tympanic membrane consists of three layers: 1 - outside - skin is a continuation of the skin of the ear canal, thinned and contains glands super great and hair follicles, 2 - internal - slimy - is a continuation of the mucous membrane of the tympanum, 3 - medium - connective tissue - is presented super great two layers of fibers (radial and circular), providing spanned the position of the eardrum. If it is damaged scar is usually formed by regenerating the skin and mucous layer.
Otoscopy - examination of the eardrum is of great importance in the diagnosis of diseases of the ear, as it gives an idea of the processes occurring in the tympanic cavity. The tympanum is an irregular cube of about 1 cm3, situated in a rocky part of the temporal bone. The tympanum is divided
Pinna is formed by three fabrics: a thin plate of hyaline cartilage, covered on both sides of the perichondrium, with a complex convex-concave shape, which determines the relief ear, the skin is very thin, closely adjacent to the perichondrium and almost super great has no fat, subcutaneous fat, located in considerable super great quantities in the lower part of the pinna.
Usually there are the following elements of the ear: curl - free of upper-outer edge of the sink; anthelion - elevation that runs parallel to curl; tragus - the projected portion of the cartilage, located in front of the ear canal and is a part of it; antitragus - protrusion located posterior to the tragus and separating their clippings, earlobe, or slice, ear, devoid of cartilage and composed super great of fatty tissue covered with skin. Pinna is attached to the temporal bone rudimentary muscles. The anatomical structure of the ear determines the characteristics of pathological processes developed with injuries, and with the formation of otogematomy perihondrita. Sometimes there is a congenital hypoplasia of the pinna - microtia or complete lack thereof anotia.
The external auditory canal is a channel that begins funnel-shaped depression on the surface of the ear and sent to an adult horizontally from front to back and from the bottom up to the border of the middle ear. There are the following sections of the ear canal: the outer membranous and cartilaginous and internal - bone. The outer membranous-cartilaginous part is 2/3 the length. This section is formed cartilaginous tissue and the lower front wall and the rear and upper have fibro-connective tissue. The front wall of the external auditory canal bordered by the joint of the lower jaw, and therefore the inflammatory process in this area accompanied by a sharp soreness during chewing. The upper wall separates the outer ear from the middle fossa, and fractures of the skull base of the ear follows liquor mixed with blood. Cartilage plate ear canal is interrupted by two transverse slots which are closed by fibrous tissue. Their location super great next to the salivary glands may contribute to the spread of infection from the outer ear to the salivary gland and the mandibular joint. super great Leather cartilaginous contains a large number of hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and brimstone. The latter are modified sebaceous glands super great secreting a special secret that with a detachable ottorgshimsya sebaceous glands and skin epithelium forms the earwax. The dry plates removal of sulfur contribute to fluctuations in membranous-cartilaginous part of the ear canal during chewing. The presence of abundant of grease in the outer part of the ear canal prevents the ingress of water into it. There is a trend of narrowing of the ear canal entrance to the end of the cartilage. Attempts to remove the sulfur by foreign objects may lead to the pushing pieces of sulfur in the bone department, where her self-evacuation is not possible. It creates the conditions for the formation of cerumen and the development of inflammatory processes of the outer ear. The internal auditory meatus bone has in the middle of the narrowest part - the isthmus, super great beyond which is a wider area. Clumsy super great attempts to remove the foreign body from the ear canal can lead to pushing through his isthmus, which greatly complicate further removal. Skin thin bone Division, contains hair follicles and glands, and goes to the eardrum, forming its outer layer.
The tympanic membrane is the boundary between the outer and middle ear and is a thin, impermeable to air and liquid membrane pearl-gray color. Most of the tympanic membrane is tensioned by logging in a circular trough fibrous cartilage ring. In the upper-front super great portion of the tympanic membrane super great is not stretched because of the lack of gutters and secondary fibrous layer. The tympanic membrane consists of three layers: 1 - outside - skin is a continuation of the skin of the ear canal, thinned and contains glands super great and hair follicles, 2 - internal - slimy - is a continuation of the mucous membrane of the tympanum, 3 - medium - connective tissue - is presented super great two layers of fibers (radial and circular), providing spanned the position of the eardrum. If it is damaged scar is usually formed by regenerating the skin and mucous layer.
Otoscopy - examination of the eardrum is of great importance in the diagnosis of diseases of the ear, as it gives an idea of the processes occurring in the tympanic cavity. The tympanum is an irregular cube of about 1 cm3, situated in a rocky part of the temporal bone. The tympanum is divided
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