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Why not talk about patriotism Li Na won the reflections moving "tour" in Japan: Osaka gourmet blunt trauma "generally refers to a couple of impact injury biological organism collide with other objects caused by the body it is usually an accident (eg by falling violence, etc.) especially common injury accidents in the class. wartime projectile 96 well plate area impacts caused by various types of armor throughout the body non-injury crash is also a relatively common injury, while the liver is most vulnerable when such injury One of the organ. bleeding, 96 well plate area shock and complications of liver injury in patients with severe life-threatening. liver damage reported mortality as high as 14% to 40% [1], so as to save lives, impact injury to the liver basic and clinical Research is very important. liver impact injury and organ damage combined various animal models 96 well plate area of high-quality research is needed, its advanced directly affects the efficiency of research results and research topics. author of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University Surgery Institute of PLA war trauma center developed BIM type of biological impact (Figure 1) make improvements, copy blunt impact injury of rat liver model, and based on this evaluation, designed to study the impact of liver injury provide 96 well plate area a more effective animal models for the study and treatment of the pathological mechanisms and further injury. Materials and Methods Training Model 1 laboratory reagents, animals, equipment and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) assay kit by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Co., Ltd. offers; SD rats were provided by the Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical 96 well plate area University Experimental Animal Center; homemade BIM type of biological impact machine improved (Figure 2), the steel ball, steel, twice hit the head, Animal 96 well plate area fixed station, frame and other components; versatile physiological monitor;. Sartorius electronic balance 2 homemade BIM improved 96 well plate area biological impact machine schematic Preparation Training Model 2 Model 42 healthy SD rats, male or female, weighing 220 ~ 240g, rats aged 90 to 100 days. rats in a standard laboratory diet before the experiment to adapt one week, eight hours of fasting before the experiment, but water, a random number. Rats 2% sodium pentobarbital (45mg/kg) intraperitoneally After the injection of anesthesia, 96 well plate area supine fixed mouse board, abdomen and right groin skin preparation. separated right femoral artery and heparin (20U/ml). right femoral artery via a pressure sensor connected to the multi-function monitor physiological , monitoring heart rate and blood pressure and for blood after intubation success, placing it under the homemade BIM improved biological impact machine blow head, respectively, using three kinds of quality ball from 1m high impact machine catheter impose freedom landed ways to combat head hit against the head diameter 1.2cm kinetic energy and momentum to get hit head on animal xiphoid and costal arch angle of the line twice hit the liver caused by blunt impact 96 well plate area injury of the kinetic parameters 96 well plate area of the impact process.: impact energy E = mgh, g = 9.8m/s2; impact momentum 96 well plate area P = mv; impact velocity v = 2gh = 2 9.8 1 4.427m / s; freefall time T = 2h8 = 2 19.8 0.452s ; combat area S = πr2 3.14 0.62 = 1.1304cm2 3 packet simulation model 42 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 14):. (1) mild injury groups: heavy ball injury 162g, diameter 34mm, E1 = 0.162 9.8 1 1.588J, P1 = 0.162 4.427 0.717kg.m / s; (2) moderate injury group: 96 well plate area Wound balls heavy 225g, diameter 39mm, E2 = 0.225 9.8 1 2.205J, P2 = 0.225 4.427 0.996kg.m / s; (3) severe injury group: Wound balls 363gwww.bymxa.com, diameter 44mm, E3 = 0.363 9.8 1 3.557J, P3 = 0.363 4.427 1.607kg.m / s. observed indicators by different 96 well plate area groups, randomly divided into group A and group B. no control groups, using their own comparison. 4 OUTCOME MEASURES 4.1 caused sand table model changes in vital signs before and after the injury: injury observed 96 well plate area in rats before and after each injury group A breathing, heart rate, changes in the main femoral artery pressure monitoring 96 well plate area to represent the degree of liver damage 4.2 AST, ALT levels: each injury caused by group B rats and one hour before injury after injury, the blood drawn from the femoral artery 0.5ml, measurement of serum AST, ALT levels, specific methods provided by Nanjing Jiancheng 96 well plate area Bioengineering Institute kit instructions abdominal hemorrhage volume 4.3: The above group B rats After one hour after injury blood extraction Dhamma, laparotomy, with first weighed in on the dry weight 96 well plate area of cotton fine balance, carefully exhaustion bleeding and clotting in the rat peritoneal cavity, immediately weighed, minus the cotton dry Heavy bleeding is 4.4 organ injury characteristics and injury classification: After the death of the injured rats were each for gross anatomy, specific checks and records of liver injury types, characteristics, severity, and there is unintentional, lung, stomach combined injury of the intestine and other organs, photographic specimens information presented and applied in 1989, the American Society of Trauma Surgery (AAST) 1994 revised classification criteria 96 well plate area of liver injury [2] grading and scoring 96 well plate area after injury in rats survived 4.5 situation: A group observed 2,4,8,12 hours after injury for each group of rats surviving five injured natural sand table model of statistical methods of data are expressed as mean standard deviation ( s) that the application SPSS16.0. statistical software for data processing. P <0.05 was determined that the difference was statistically significant, each group with a one-way ANOVA, after injury paired t-test was used to compare the results of vital signs before and after a severe injury in rats injury group 4 injured rats after apnea, respiratory motion recovery after 2 seconds each group were significantly 96 well plate area accelerate sharp respiratory rate and heart rate, respiratory rate up to a maximum 121 beats / min, heart rate up to 447 times / min. with significantly longer time after injury, the rats gradually slows breathing and heart rate, respiratory rate after injury two hours up to 92 beats / min, heart rate up to 395 beats / min, but not yet returned to pre-injury level. various injuries A group of former group monitoring injury and changes in blood pressure after 10 minutes of injury Table evenly share the pressure difference before and after an arterial injury. was statistically 96 well plate area significant, even after the injury femoral artery pressure were significantly lower than before injury (P <0.01 ); evenly share the arterial pressure difference between the groups was not statistically significant before the injury; evenly share the pressure difference between the groups was statistically significant after arterial injury, mild injury group> moderate injury group> severe injury group (P <0.01 or P <0.05). 2 serum ALT, AST levels before water conservancy injury rat model of group B group and each injury after injury 96 well plate area one hour in serum AST, ALT content in Table 2. injury after AST, ALT levels 96 well plate area significantly, AST, ALT levels were significantly higher than before 96 well plate area the injury after injury (P <0.01 or P <0.05); pre-injury each group AST, ALT levels showed no significant difference; cause AST in each group after injury, ALT levels significantly, were mild injury 96 well plate area group <moderate injury group <severe injury group (P <0.01 96 well plate area or P <0.05). 3 abdominal hemorrhage amount of each injury group group B rats one hour after injury abdominal bleeding 96 well plate area abdominal bleeding differences in Table 3 in each group there were significant for mild injury group <moderate injury group <severe injury group (P <0.01 or P <0.05). 4 organ injury characteristics and classification models of liver injury due to the increase of the blow head unit and fixed angle between the xiphoid and costal arch at combating point, the point that hit right in the middle of the anatomical location and rat liver top left of the middle, so each group of liver injury is mainly 96 well plate area concentrated in the middle and the left mid-range type of liver damage are mainly extensive bleeding, liver laceration 96 well plate area simple, stellate-shaped 96 well plate area laceration, hepatic rupture, subcapsular hepatic parenchyma . laceration vascular injury combined group of 11 patients with mild hepatic injury mid injury, damage 96 well plate area to the left mid-0 cases, two leaf damage three cases; among hepatic subcapsular hemorrhage three cases, nine cases of simple lacerations, stellate-shaped crack . injury two cases, the damage area of 0.42 ~ 0.67cm2 96 well plate area moderately injured 96 well plate area eight cases of liver injury in the middle of the left middle of the damage 0 cases, two-lobe damage, 6; among five cases of simple laceration, stellate-shaped laceration nine cases, . damaged area of 0.61 ~ 0.87 cm2 severe hepatic injury mid damage 96 well plate area one case, the left middle of the damage 0 cases, 96 well plate area 13 cases of two-lobe damage; 96 well plate area among stellate-shaped laceration 10 cases, 3 cases of hepatic rupture, laceration of the liver parenchyma extensive merger one case of vascular injury, damage area 0.69 ~ 1.17cm2. 96 well plate area except severe injury group, 3 patients 96 well plate area with lung injury, I was no associated lung injury, injury to right lower lobe hematoma and mild laceration. cardiac and gastrointestinal no injuries. liver injury scores in each group are shown in Table 3 liver injury score difference. was statistically significant for mild injury group <moderate injury group <severe injury group (P <0.01). injured 96 well plate area five rats After the death of the reasons for the survival of rat liver rupture major blood loss. 2,4,8,12 hours after the group A group of injured animals each injured natural survival 96 well plate area are shown in Table 4. before 96 well plate area the injury and after the injury in Table 1 10 changes in arterial pressure evenly share minutes 96 well plate area to discuss the establishment of a rat liver trauma ideal animal model is the basic and clinical 96 well plate area research in liver trauma prerequisite of the main criteria for the evaluation of experimental animal models of trauma is to look at its ability to replicate 96 well plate area in experimental animals the morphological changes of the course and response to treatment 96 well plate area with human liver trauma pathophysiology with similar characteristics, 96 well plate area and the ideal animal model of liver trauma model also has a stable, 96 well plate area reproducible, and the modeling process is simple, uniform degree of injury, can damage to different classification and low intensity adjustment expense and other characteristics [3]. BIM type of modeling biological impact machine has been reported [4,5] many papers, which is mainly used to produce thoracoabdominal injury model. Principle 96 well plate area is the use of two heavy 362.8g, 44mm diameter steel ball from 1m high impact machine catheter impose freedom landed way xiphoid rabbit abdominal injuries at impact due to a direct effect on the body ball, hit the site and the area can not be accurately controlled, it includes not only the result of liver injury, also including 96 well plate area the lungs, heart and rib injuries range is difficult to control, 96 well plate area the extent of damage 96 well plate area uneven, poor repeatability, can not be achieved simply more accurate replication of blunt impact injury model of liver purposes, therefore, the author warning and comprehensive 尹志勇 [6] small organisms versatile machine designed to combat head impact characteristics, introduce the concept of two-hit head on the basis of BIM type of biological impact on the machine, increasing by an aluminum tube processing system Lightweight T-type secondary 96 well plate area blow head, narrow and quantitatively combat area, so as to more accurately replicate liver blunt impact injury model. Through study found that the device not only to reach the liver can simply copy the model of blunt impact injuries The purpose of the extent of damage and also by changing the ball hit the height of quality grading regulation and rat animal model is applied, cheap, bulk copy can be most critical is a strength 96 well plate area level of combat injuries in , the degree of liver damage more consistent, a small variation, that uniformity is better, for a variety of liver trauma research study is to reduce the interference caused by differences between individuals, allowing researchers to obtain better 96 well plate area results. It is noted that the severity of injury due to the mild injury model is often less than the group of various studies, the severe injury due to the injury overweight group, the survival rate is low, and also the variation 96 well plate area degree of injury increases, while the moderate degree of injury moderate injury group, the pathological and clinical features 96 well plate area of post-traumatic process more closely, there is some mortality, so moderate injury groups for a variety of experimental studies which model device and 尹志勇and other small organisms designed multifunction machine compared to the impact 96 well plate area on the technical requirements are relatively low, light and flexible, good maneuverability. established method 96 well plate area summary, experimental liver trauma model more, but simply blunt the impact of liver the first volume 96 well plate area is less wound model The model exists although single function, strength 96 well plate area against disadvantage can not be accurately measured, but because of the complexity and diversity of the liver and liver damage factors, an experimental model could not any comprehensive and correct specific reaction the nature of liver injury, it must be set according to the specific research purposes cheek off special model [7]. liver trauma in the rat model modeling process is simple, with a stable characteristic of liver injury injury, repeatability, uniformity injury and classification regulation, cost-effectiveness ratio is low, as a meaningful choice can be used to further the pathogenesis and treatment of post-injury research. 96 well plate area
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The above statements represent their personal views do not represent the views or position of Sina.